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In physics and cosmology, the mathematical universe hypothesis (MUH), also known as the Ultimate Ensemble, is a speculative "theory of everything" (TOE) proposed by the cosmologist Max Tegmark.〔M. Tegmark 2014, "(Our Mathematical Universe )", Knopf〕 ==Description== Tegmark's mathematical universe hypothesis (MUH) is: ''Our external physical reality is a mathematical structure''. That is, the physical universe ''is mathematics'' in a well-defined sense, and "in those () complex enough to contain self-aware substructures () will subjectively perceive themselves as existing in a physically 'real' world".〔Tegmark (1998), p. 1.〕 The hypothesis suggests that worlds corresponding to different sets of initial conditions, physical constants, or altogether different equations may be considered equally real. Tegmark elaborates the MUH into the Computable Universe Hypothesis (CUH), which posits that all computable mathematical structures (in Gödel's sense) exist.〔http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0646〕 The theory can be considered a form of Pythagoreanism or Platonism in that it posits the existence of mathematical entities; a form of mathematical monism in that it denies that anything exists except mathematical objects; and a formal expression of ontic structural realism. Tegmark claims that the hypothesis has no free parameters and is not observationally ruled out. Thus, he reasons, it is preferred over other theories-of-everything by Occam's Razor. He suggests conscious experience would take the form of mathematical "self-aware substructures" that exist in a physically "real" world. The hypothesis is related to the anthropic principle and to Tegmark's categorization of four levels of the multiverse. Andreas Albrecht of Imperial College in London called it a "provocative" solution to one of the central problems facing physics. Although he "wouldn't dare" go so far as to say he believes it, he noted that "it's actually quite difficult to construct a theory where everything we see is all there is". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mathematical universe hypothesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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